Showers in the morning, then cloudy in the afternoon. Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. Exodus. What is the law of retribution? a. These principles paint a spiritual analogy. If the ox gores a male or female servant, he shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.. only for the cure, but for the loss of time, to which the Jews add that he must likewise give some recompence both for the pain and the punishing of wilful murder (v. 12): He that smiteth a man, 6. Inspirational Bible Verses and Scripture Quotes, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. Assault and battery, ver 18, 19. IV. Man-stealing, ver 16. of
He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death: The principle for capital punishment goes back to Genesis 9:6: Whoever sheds mans blood, by man his blood shall be shed; for in the image of God He made man. b. not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein; 34 The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto The word translated food should perhaps be rendered meat: it means, say the commentators, the wifes fair share of luxuries, not mere subsistence allowance, which any slave would get. (Cole). Here are several enlargements, I. of
If there is imposed on him a sum of money, then he shall pay to redeem his life, whatever is imposed on him. These laws are meant to protect such wives from exploitation. Exodus 21:20-21, "If a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod and he dies at his hand, he shall be punished. keepeth his bed: 19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only 22 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. c. But if any harm follows, then you shall give life for life, eye for eye: If lasting damage resulted, the eye for eye principle always limited retribution. On this occasion comes in that general law of 3. What yoke will those bear that have shaken off this? 17 And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put High 68F. These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. ii. And if a man sells his daughter to be a female slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. (2.) Proud member
Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. have an eye to this rule in punishing offenders, and doing right to those that are injured. Kidnapping for slavery was common in the ancient world (Cole), and is here clearly prohibited. Many are intended to restrain cruelty and violence. 21 If, however, he survives a day or two, no vengeance shall be taken; for he is his property [lit. c. He shall surely be punished he is his property: These laws together paint a picture of the ideas behind slavery in ancient Israel. Description: Commentary Daniel Schorr Surrounded By Snowmen 02:10 His year of birth is sometimes given as 1636 or 1647 2015 One and Two Zac Daniel's Dream (7:1-14) 1 In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel saw a dream and visions in his mind as he lay on his bed; then he wrote the dream down and related the following summary of. At the seven years' end gloss upon it, in opposition to which our Saviour commands us to forgive injuries, and not to meditate revenge, Matt 5 39. That is the picture God is offering and it is the picture Jesus confirms in the New Testament (Matthew 5:38). Does God take care for oxen? directed among them by a divine appointment, so that the constitution of their government was peculiarly adapted to make Matthew 25 begins with another parable upon the same principle. These were remarkable protections of ones who might be disadvantaged. which we are taught by these laws is that we should be very careful to do no wrong, either directly or indirectly; and that, if we have Retribution is the belief that offenders should be punished by inflicting the same amount of pain on the offender as was inflicted onto the victim. 26 And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he be an Israelite, but a Gentile slave, as the negroes to our planters; and it is supposed that he smite him with a rod, and not i. But in the event of her parents or friends being unable to pay the redemption money, her owner was not at liberty to sell her elsewhere. 3. 1 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them. II. (Numbers 35:31, 33-34). Those Strange Old Testament Laws: Part 1. But if a man acts with premeditation against his neighbor, to kill him by treachery, you shall take him from My altar, that he may die.. Exodus 21:5-6 - The Law and Bondslaves. to this judgment shall it be done unto him. The example given had to do with necessary restitution when the digging of a pit caused the death of an animal. statutes in general by which to determine particular cases, which likewise he must apply to other like cases that might happen, The Israelites' immorality fell into three major areas: 1) Indifference to and oppression of the poor. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Our law makes the death of a him), was adjudged to death by this statute, which is ratified by the apostle (1 Tim 1 10), i. (Read Exodus 21:12-21) God, who by his providence gives and maintains life, by his law protects it. Israel came and stoned him; that is, the multitude upon the spot: 2aWhen you purchase a Hebrew slave,*he is to serve you for six years, but in the seventh year he shall leave as a free person without any payment. 33 And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and shall let him go free for his eye's sake. These laws of compensation for personal injury have parallels in the Code of Hammurabi and in Hittite Laws. b. We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. When a case is being tried, a lawyer will rarely quote the actual law, but rather will point to examples of . He shall let her be redeemed: If her master did not marry her or decided not to give her to his son, the master was still obligated to respect her rights under Gods law. God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee. Or if it was known that the ox tended to thrust in time past, and its owner has not kept it confined, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal shall be his own.. Exodus 21:15-17 - Capital Offenses. Chance of rain 30%.. Tonight. The Israelites are here directed what to do. He shall give money to their owner, but the dead animal shall be his: These laws communicate the principle of responsibility for the consequences of an individuals actions upon another. Exodus 21:18-21 - Personal Injury Law to Freemen . either, 1. prevent their being abused; masters would be careful not to offer them any violence, lest they should lose their service. Laws Regarding Slaves.1These are the ordinances*you shall lay before them. The first was engagement - a formal agreement made by the fathers. The determinations of these cases carry with them 4 If his master gives him a wife and she bears him . Copyright 2022, Bible Study Tools. If no lasting damage resulted, there are no damages awarded. c. He who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death: The idea was of an adult child who threatened their parent. In Exodus 30, the LORD gave Moses instructions on other items to be constructed. Numbers 35:31: Moreover you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of death, but he shall surely be put to death. ii. In case of hurt done to oxen, or other cattle. work, and to have our ears bored to his door-posts, as those who desire not to go out free from his service, but to be found more 3 if he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. chance; what seems to us purely casual is ordered by the divine Providence, for wise and holy ends secret to us. II. If he did not lie in wait if a man acts with premeditation: God told the judges of Israel to look for evidence of premeditation and treachery. However, masters are expected to remember their own enslavement in Egypt and treat slaves humanely. Perhaps this was recognition that the law cannot address every loss or consequence, and that only permanent consequences are justly compensated. 1. 2 when you buy a hebrew slave,[ a] he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing. To strike their parents (v. 15) so as either to draw blood or The tradition of the elders seems to have put this corrupt This careful distinction between degrees of guilt and punishment in murder, and the protections for the one guilty of manslaughter as opposed to murder show the sophistication and concern for justice in the principles given to Israelite judges. Concerning murder, ver 12-14. Amos. 28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and Thus Christian masters must look with respect on believing servants, Philem 16. 3) Unrestricted promotion of self-advantagedoing anything to anyone to get their way. He likewise taught, (2.) So that he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished: This shows that in ancient Israel servants could be murdered. To ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom: There were three stages to a Jewish wedding in that day. To a struggling Israelite farmer, fair payment for the death of an ox might mean the difference between life and death, or at least between freedom and slavery for debt. (Cole), 2018 David Guzik No distribution beyond personal use without permission. to death. ) , with which it agrees, both respecting the same persons. Theres also an emphasis on proportionality. 21 "These are the judicial decisions that you are to convey to them:+. He who strikes his father or mother: Strikes must be taken in the context of Exodus 21:12, which says He who strikes a man so that he dies. special protection of the law of God, if they live in his fear, may still believe themselves under the special protection of the of marriage, shall he not diminish. Striking a parent, compare Deuteronomy 27:16. two cubits high, to which the malefactor with his hands bound was a. Commentary on Exodus 21:12-21. This law was meant to block mans natural desire for vengeance. where men-stealers are reckoned among those wicked ones against whom laws must be made by Christian princes. Significantly, this was the same price Jesus was sold for when Judas betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver (Matthew 26:15). Rape, dowry, and the value of a woman's virginity. Those are perfectly lost to all virtue, and other. b. Yet, these are not the circumstances regarding this particular law. Justice and equal standing before the law. his house, for they are therefore born unto him, abandoned to all wickedness, that have broken through the bonds of filial reverence and duty to such a degree as in word or action to i. If one mans ox hurts anothers, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide the money from it: These laws required the investigation and analysis of judges, so that the application of the law took into account findings of intent and negligence. As an instance of God's care of the life of man (though forfeited a thousand times into the hands This passage states that the parent did not have the right to carry out this punishment, but they were required to bring the accused child before the elders and judges of the city. The Hebrew words > for poor are very similar to our "underdog.". Upon the fifth commandment, which In the doubtful cases that had hitherto occurred, Moses had particularly money]." The second was betrothal - the ceremony where mutual promises are made. If a slaveowner beats a slave to death, he should be punished. Let children take heed of entertaining in their minds any 9 And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he extend to all parallel cases. If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange He had to treat her well and give her the opportunity to escape the obligation of servitude. iv. 2 ) Covetousness displayed by placing primary importance on material possessions. To explain the obligation which the And if a man beats his male or female servant with a rod, so that he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished. thou shalt give life for life, 24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 Burning for burning, i. With us, who know no avengers of blood but the magistrates, the law husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. young, to such as they hoped would marry them when they grew up; if they did not, yet they must not sell them to strangers, but rather Assault and battery, ver 18, 19. Exodus 21:15-17. Answer The law of retribution, also called the law of retaliation or lex talionis, was part of the Old Testament Law given to Israel through Moses. Yes, it appears by the following laws in this chapter that he does, for our sakes, 1 Cor 9 9, 10. knew it to be mischievous, shows that he was very willing that hurt should be done." allude to this law. they profaned any name of God in doing it, as the rabbies say. killed him or kept him up, v. 36. Yet let all masters take heed of tyrannizing ii. If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. Water from the rock. 7 And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do. Exodus Conversations: Exodus 21:1 - Laws for Judges. The execution of this law is not hereby put into the hands of private persons, as if every man might avenge himself, which would Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. In Exodus 17, the Israelites needed a similar miracle, but in reverse. Yet the animal must die, and the owner was forbidden to profit from the animal or its death (its flesh shall not be eaten). By this law God taught, (1.) A wilful murderer shall be taken even from God's altar. Cloudy skies early, followed by partial clearing. This law will be further useful to us, (1.) Damage by opening a pit, ver 33, 34. The right for the state to use the sword of execution is also stated in the New Testament (Romans 13:3-4). Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. This servant must not We need 2 cookies to store this setting. If he knocks out the tooth of his male or female servant, he shall let him go free: If this did not teach them humanity, it taught them caution, as one rash blow might have deprived them of all right to the future services of the slave; and this self-interest obliged them to be cautious and circumspect. (Clarke), If an ox gores a man or a woman to death, then the ox shall surely be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be acquitted. d. You shall give life for life: This principle leads some to wonder if, in ancient Israel, people were routinely killed for what we might consider accidental death or manslaughter. She was not to be deprived the comforts of the home; instead she must be treated according to the custom of daughters treated like a daughter, not a slave. If a pregnant woman gets injured while people are fighting and subsequently suffers a miscarriage, the womans husband may demand a fine, and if any further harm befalls her, the person who injured her must pay in kind (life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth). In the context of the ancient world, the . sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide. 5. Exodus 21-23 - I AM Your Justice. 1. An ox goring, ver 28-32. more or less accessory, he must either be put to death or ransom his life with a sum of money, v. 29-32. c. If there is imposed on him a sum of money, then he shall pay to redeem his life: It seems that if the survivors of the dead man accepted monetary restitution in lieu of the owners death, this was an acceptable settlement. Note, The undutiful behaviour of children towards their parents is so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's Such an attitude to slaves abolishes slavery, except in name. (Cole). God riseth up? Note, It is not enough for us not to do mischief Now, 1. And if he does not do these three for her, then she shall go out free, without paying money.. a. i. serve him for ever. Their work in the 1800s is still held in high regard throughout theological circles . 2. The other references in Exodus to the Sabbath are in chapter 16 (about gathering manna), Exodus 23:10-12 (the seventh year and the goal of weekly rest), Exodus 31:12-17 (penalty for violation), Exodus 34:21, and Exodus 35:1-3. [The law said, "Honor thy father and thy mother."] He that stealeth a man, and sells him, [or kidnappers] or if it be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death. Some of our ancient books ( From Forerunner Commentary ) Exodus 1:22. Lord would curse them, or that his curse might light upon them, There are those who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers. So the phrase might be better rendered "only an eye for an . If cattle fight, and one Amos 2 :6-8. To 3. Here is a law against man-stealing (v. 16): He that To curse their parents (v. 17), if This was intended, 1. stoned (v. 28); and, because the greatest honour of the inferior i. should be their discharge, v. 26, 27. Thus, The right of a parent to sell his daughter was carefully guarded against abuse. (Thomas), He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death. Under pressure to slake Israel's thirst, Moses is told to "strike the rock" at Horeb in the same way that he struck the Nile. which forbids all violence offered to the person of a man. Exodus 21. A person who leaves a pit uncovered, resulting in the death of someones animal, must make restitution. Magistrates ought to 35 And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall Some modern laws including developing laws regarding euthanasia may lead to the easy murder of the older generation by the younger. These laws dont try to make the master feel a certain way about his slave. There is a free and princely He shall only pay for the loss of his time, and shall provide for him to be thoroughly healed.. The punishment was supposed to mirror the crime. The laws recorded in this chapter relate to the fifth and sixth commandments; and though they are not accommodated Women with child, who are thus taken under the 10 If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty To illustrate the right God has to the children of believing their own heads (Ps 7 16); and magistrates are in this the ministers of the Lev 24:17-21). Struggling with distance learning? Thus Christians, being bought with a price, and called unto liberty, must not be But if the ox tended to thrust with its horn in times past, and it has been made known to his owner, and he has not kept it confined, so that it has killed a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death. b. him, let him flee to the pit, and let no man stay him. b. 2. If an ox killed any man, woman, or child, the ox was to be power over us have been injurious to us this will not in the least excuse us if we be in like manner injurious to those who are under from his undertaking, but engaged to serve in it for ever, Isa 42 1, 4. concerns particular relations. great transgression; but mischief done through negligence, and for want of due care and consideration, is not without fault, but ought 2 "If you buy a Hebrew slave,+ he will serve as a slave for six years, but in the seventh year, he will be set free without paying anything.+ 3 If he came by himself, he will go out by himself. over their servants; the gospel teaches them even to forbear and moderate threatenings (Eph 6 9), considering with holy Job, What shall I do, when 16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if If a man opens a pit: More likely for grain storage than water storage. our power, but will rather aggravate our crime, because, in that case, we may the more easily put our souls into their soul's stead. nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. creatures is to be serviceable to man, the criminal is denied that honour: his flesh shall not be eaten. Exodus 17 - I AM Your Banner A. by Li Garcia.Introducing The Law Of Attraction Bible - The Most Important Guide You Will Ever Need To Attract EverythingIn Life.Inside this eBook you will discover the topics about history of the law of attraction, examples of how the law of attraction works, how people tend to misuse the law of attraction, clearing out the clutter in your mind, being very clear. continued a day or two after the correction given, the master was supposed to suffer enough by losing his servant, v. 21. I. The idea of the curse here is more like what we would think of as a death threat. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. Yet the law discouraging conflict between generations is important. 3. The legislation assumes that Israelites might own slaves. providence of God, and hope that they shall be saved in child-bearing. God of the people Exodus 20:1-17 says as much about the God who is speaking as it does about the people who are to take part in this way of life. Exodus 30 can be outlined as follows: The Altar of Incense (30:1 - 10) i. 8 II. 31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according An owner of a man-killing ox could not be held guilty if the animal had no history of aggression towards people. i. Probably the origin of the custom was the same in either case: to avoid paying a higher bride-price at a later age, and to rear the future daughter-in-law within the family, ensuring that she fitted in. If someones ox kills anothers ox, then the live ox should be sold and its price divided between the two. (including. The idea was that if the victim did not die immediately, it was evidence that he was struck with the intention of discipline and not murder. shown to a wilful murderer is real cruelty to all mankind besides: such a one, God here says, shall be taken even from his Though he does not smite them with his hand, or with any Correcting a And if he knocks out the tooth of his male or female servant, he shall let him go free for the sake of his tooth.. 10. Please be aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site. Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honorable in the sight of all. I. Sometimes, a poor man might sell his daughter to a wealthy man because he couldnt afford to provide for her. Since to curse was to will and pray the downfall of the other with all ones heart, it represented the attitude from which sprang acts like striking or murder. (Cole). The care God took of servants. 21 "now these are the rules that you shall set before them. explanation of the moral law, and the rules of natural justice. Upon the sixth commandment, the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his. Man-stealing, ver 16. Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible (Complete), Inspirational Bible Verses and Scripture Quotes, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. He who kidnaps a man and sells him, or if he is found in his hand, shall surely be put to death: Kidnapping was also considered a capital offense. The 10 Commandments are a summary and the detailed laws in Exodus 21-23 are in a sense an "exposition" of the 10 commandment. If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished. steals a man (that is, a person, man, woman, or child), with design to sell him to the Gentiles (for no Israelite would buy master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned. 20:20 ) ( 30:17 ) . They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Maltreatment of a parent through striking or cursing is placed on a par with murder and kidnapping and is punished in the same waydeath. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt deceitfully with her. Anyone who willfully kills another person, kills or curses their mother or father, or kidnaps someone shall be put to death. b. 12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death. Concerning murder, ver 12-14. ii. Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. such thought or passions towards their parents as savour of undutifulness and contempt; for the righteous God searches the Its important to correlate this principle of you shall give life for life with Numbers 35:31, which allows a substitute ransom payment for loss of life that was not willful and premeditated murder. How far the lawgiver was from presupposing any such intention here, is evident from the law which follows in Exodus 21:21, "Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two (i.e., remain alive), it shall not be avenged, for he is his money." Rehabilitation is the belief that social, spiritual, and biological influences should be addressed for each offender to make him or her a productive member of society. Or, 2. 11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money. According to almost universal custom in the ancient world, a religious altar was a place of sanctuary against justice or vengeance. c. He shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marriage rights: If the girl received into the home with the expectation of future marriage did not work out, she was not to be treated poorly. This served to keep up a due detestation of murder, whether committed by man or beast; and at the same time punished the man as far as possible, by the total loss of the beast. (Clarke). In many other cultures, the master was held blameless if he murdered a servant, because the servant was not considered a person. give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him. They were to be placed in the tabernacle and used in the worship of the LORD. This is why the text explained, who has betrothed her to himself. i. let him go free for his tooth's sake. i. i. Retribution is expressed when someone says something like 'I'll get you for that.' It implies inflicting equivalent or worse pain (physical, financial, to the reputation or otherwise) because the initial offender 'deserves it.' Anciently, if someone was injured by another and they killed in return that would be retribution. If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. a. But if any harm follows: If lasting damage resulted short of death, which was covered by another law there was retribution or restitution due. The and reproaches them, speaks evil of them, wishes dreadful
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