[23] According to Israeli intelligence, Jordan lost 75 to 90 tanks out of 200 involved,[24] most to Syrian T-55 fire at ar-Ramtha. [97], In pollution control applications, ultraviolet analyzers are used to detect emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, mercury, and ammonia, for example in the flue gas of fossil-fired power plants. [70] This rating, however, offers no data about important protection against UVA,[71] which does not primarily cause sunburn but is still harmful, since it causes indirect DNA damage and is also considered carcinogenic. 14-Day Extended Price Beat Guarantee on LED indoor, greenhouse LED grow lights from HLG, California LightWorks, Gavita, Grower's Choice, KIND, Iluminar Lighting, and more. Argon and deuterium arc lamps are often used as stable sources, either windowless or with various windows such as magnesium fluoride. Neal G. Jesse, John R. Dreyer. Keep in mind that a trap with too big a range can actually have the opposite effect and attract insects to your yard or patio, so choose the appropriate coverage for your needs. India had destroyed close to 46 M48 tanks[61][62] and losing only 10 tanks in the process. [113], Reptiles need UVB for biosynthesis of vitamin D, and other metabolic processes. You will need to periodically empty out the dead insects. The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.Its diameter is about one-quarter the diameter of the Earth (comparable to the width of Australia). DynaTrap brand traps utilize all three of the most common lures. [21], Very hot objects emit UV radiation (see black-body radiation). Using multi-spectral imaging it is possible to read illegible papyrus, such as the burned papyri of the Villa of the Papyri or of Oxyrhynchus, or the Archimedes palimpsest. The excimer lamp, a UV source developed in the early 2000s, is seeing increasing use in scientific fields. Most UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in DNA are removed by the process known as nucleotide excision repair that employs about 30different proteins. UVB phototherapy does not require additional medications or topical preparations for the therapeutic benefit; only the exposure is needed. UV degradation is one form of polymer degradation that affects plastics exposed to sunlight. P.148, Cuban Tanks, II part, Rubn Urribarres, 2001, Outstanding Victories of the Indian Army, 1947-1971. [64], In the past, UVA was considered not harmful or less harmful than UVB, but today it is known to contribute to skin cancer via indirect DNA damage (free radicals such as reactive oxygen species). Steam is a substance containing water in the gas phase, and sometimes also an aerosol of liquid water droplets, or air. They have been subject to many improvements throughout their production history and afterward, and many are still in service today. Spectrometers and radiometers are made for measurement of UV radiation. In return, Iraq lost 45 T-55 and T-62 tanks. It involves a view of strategy that is less industry-bound and more customer-centric. ", 10.1002/1097-0215(20000701)87:1<145::AID-IJC22>3.0.CO;2-3, "Do sunscreens increase or decrease melanoma risk: An epidemiologic evaluation", "Commentary: Cancer-preventive effects of sunscreens are uncertain", "Sunscreen enhancement of UV-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin". Efforts to fit the 100mm gun to the T-44 demonstrated that small changes to the design would greatly improve the combination. [61] This cancer connection is one reason for concern about ozone depletion and the ozone hole. The T-54 and T-55 tanks are outwardly very similar and difficult to distinguish visually. Col Bhaskar Sarkar - VSM (Retd). [26] During total overcast, the amount of absorption due to clouds is heavily dependent on the thickness of the clouds and latitude, with no clear measurements correlating specific thickness and absorption of UVB.[27]. The foreign secretary will urge international allies to bolster resilience against Vladimir Putin's "weaponisation" of energy and food at a meeting of G7 foreign ministers later today. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. One of these upgrade packages was produced by Cadillac Gage Textron and a prototype named the Jaguar was produced. P.342, Learn how and when to remove this template message, South African National Museum of Military History, United Nations Force Intervention Brigade, Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile, "The Economics of Soviet Arms Transfers to the Third World. That means the impact could spread far beyond the agencys payday lending rule. Ultraviolet lasers have applications in industry (laser engraving), medicine (dermatology, and keratectomy), chemistry (MALDI), free-air secure communications, computing (optical storage), and manufacture of integrated circuits. The T-54 lacks NBC protection, and a turret basket, which meant that crewmen had to physically rotate and keep up with a rotating turrent as the hull in which they stood didn't move with the turret. In environmental chemistry, UV radiation could also be used to detect Contaminants of emerging concern in water samples. The commander was seated in the driver's usual position while the driver sat next to him. [citation needed], The T-54/55 and the T-62 were the two most common tanks in Soviet inventoryin the mid-1970s the two tank types together comprised approximately 85% of the Soviet Army's tanks. Since watercolours can have very low pigment levels, they need extra protection from UV. Direct UV-emitting laser diodes are available at 375nm. Aramid rope must be shielded with a sheath of thermoplastic if it is to retain its strength. [29][30][31] A study found that car windows allow 3-4% of ambient UV to pass through, especially if the UV was greater than 380nm. Nevertheless, the photoreceptors of the retina are sensitive to near-UV, and people lacking a lens (a condition known as aphakia) perceive near-UV as whitish-blue or whitish-violet. For humans, suntan and sunburn are familiar effects of exposure of the skin to UV light, along with an increased risk of skin cancer. EUV is strongly absorbed by most known materials, but synthesizing multilayer optics that reflect up to about 50% of EUV radiation at normal incidence is possible. Butterflies use ultraviolet as a communication system for sex recognition and mating behavior. DynaTrap makes compact versions of their outdoor traps for indoor use to cover between 300 and 1,300 square feet. The T-44 was produced in only small numbers, around 2,000 being completed during the war. The loader's hatch-mounted 12.7mm DShK anti-aircraft heavy machine gun was dropped, because it was deemed worthless against high-performance jets. UVA / UVB emitting bulbs are also sold for other special purposes, such as tanning lamps and reptile-husbandry. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use and durable against weather. On Easter Sunday, 2 April 1972, the newly activated 20th Tank Regiment of the ARVN, comprising approximately 57 M48A3 Patton main battle tanks (note that ARVN regiments were equivalent to US battalions, and ARVN squadrons were equivalent to US companies or troops)[34] received reports from friendly intelligence units of a large NVA armoured column moving towards Dong Ha, the largest South Vietnamese city near the Vietnamese DMZ located on the 17th Parallel. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1984. p. 85, Thi, Lam Quang, Hell in An Loc, The 1972 Easter Invasion and the Battle that Saved South Vietnam, University of North Texas Press, Denton, Texas, 2009. pp. It was decided to increase the tank's abilities by changing its construction and introducing new production technologies. Dynatrap's largest model offers ample bug-catching space and the ability to attract pests up to 1 acre. Exposure to UVA, while the skin is hyper-photosensitive, by taking psoralens is an effective treatment for psoriasis. Wood's glass is a deep violet-blue barium-sodium silicate glass with about 9% nickel oxide developed during World War I to block visible light for covert communications. [35] The fused quartz tube passes the 253.7nm radiation but blocks the 185nm wavelength. DynaTrap units come in multiple finishes, from rustic antique copper to sleek stainless steel. Presently, UV argon-fluoride excimer lasers operating at 193nm are routinely used in integrated circuit production by photolithography. The 100mm D-10T tank gun of the T-54 and the T-55 was also more powerful than its Western counterparts at that time (the M48 Patton initially carried a 90mm tank gun and the Centurion Mk. The lower wavelength limit of human vision is conventionally taken as 400nm, so ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans, although people can sometimes perceive light at shorter wavelengths than this. Most DynaTrap models twist open while keeping the insects trapped, so those that are still alive cant escape while you clean the device. Museum of Military Technology "Gryf" in Gdynia, Poland offers rides in T-55A. Disinfection using UV radiation is commonly used in wastewater treatment applications and is finding an increased usage in municipal drinking water treatment. Scientific instruments can, therefore, use this spectral range by operating in an oxygen-free atmosphere (commonly pure nitrogen), without the need for costly vacuum chambers. To balance the weight of the new equipment, the armour on the back of the hull was thinned slightly. The terms "chemical rays" and "heat rays" were eventually dropped in favor of ultraviolet and infrared radiation, respectively. (, Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 19481991. They were replaced by the T-62, T-64, T-72, T-80 and T-90 tanks in the Soviet and Russian armies, but remain in use by up to 50 other armies worldwide, some having received sophisticated retrofitting. Soviet T-54 tanks served in combat during the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and a few were successfully knocked out by the defending anti-Soviet Hungarian resistance-fighters and rebels using Molotov cocktails and several anti-tank guns. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. Has a reasonably-sized catch cage and an easily-managed 3-lb. A. The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War.The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945. [9], The old model of highly mobile medium tanks and heavily armoured heavy tanks was replaced by a new paradigm: the "main battle tank". Serena notes the cottage doesn't have a toilet. It comes as Ukraine and the West have repeatedly dismissed President Vladimir Putin's assertions that Ukraine is run by fascists who have persecuted Russian speakers. We are very grateful to you all for your patronage and support over the years. This time, similarly, the Pattons opened fire at approximately 2800 meters. The flag has apparently been moved to Henichesk by the Crimean border. The tank was equipped with a full PAZ/FVU chemical filtration system. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. Because of its ability to cause chemical reactions and excite fluorescence in materials, ultraviolet radiation has a number of applications. TO-55 flamethrower tanks were withdrawn from service in 1993. Slightly yellow UV-blocking filters are often used for outdoor photography to prevent unwanted bluing and overexposure by UV rays. Modern phototherapy has been used to successfully treat psoriasis, eczema, jaundice, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, and localized scleroderma. This was a much better way to mount a flamethrower than in the experimental Ob'yekt 483, based on the T-54 tank, where the flamethrower replaced the main gun. The traps at this price point also include larger cages to trap more insects at a time for less frequent cleaning. Getting too much sun exposure can be harmful, but in moderation, sun exposure is beneficial. What is UV radiation and how much does it increase with altitude? [115], The evolution of early reproductive proteins and enzymes is attributed in modern models of evolutionary theory to ultraviolet radiation. UV absorption leads to chain degradation and loss of strength at sensitive points in the chain structure. The Soviet T-34 medium tank of the 1940s is considered to have the best balance of firepower (F-34 tank gun 76.2mm gun), protection and mobility for its cost of any tank of its time in the world. T-55s have been used by the Sudanese Armed Forces during the conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile. The foreign secretary will urge international allies to bolster resilience against Vladimir Putin's "weaponisation" of energy and food at a meeting of G7 foreign ministers later today. UV has also been shown to reduce gaseous contaminants such as carbon monoxide and VOCs. We are very grateful to you all for your patronage and support over the years. However, the reaction of titanium dioxide and UVC is not a straight path. [49] Excess sun exposure produces harmful effects, however. It had thicker hull armour (80mm on the sides, 30mm on the roof and 20mm on the bottom). [106] Since microorganisms can be shielded from ultraviolet rays in small cracks and other shaded areas, these lamps are used only as a supplement to other sterilization techniques. As late as 2013, Ukrainian companies were reportedly developing T-55 main battle tank upgrades targeting the export market. The T-54-2 entered production in 1949 at Uralvagonzavod, which produced 423 tanks by the end of 1950. There are various types of mechanisms used by insect trap manufacturers to lure and eventually kill pests like mosquitos. [11] Simultaneously, efforts were made to modernize and increase the lifespan of the drive train. The war in Ukraine is an ongoing conflict which could "flare up and die down for a generation", Professor Michael Clarke, former director-general at the Royal United Services Institute has said. DynaTrap brand traps utilize all three of the most common lures. For example, a poly(methyl methacrylate) surface can be smoothed by vacuum ultraviolet.[101]. In the beginning of the 1960s, the OKB-29 design bureau in Omsk was working on adapting the tank to use a GTD-3T gas turbine engine developing 700hp (522kW). Steps may then be taken to "etch" away, deposit on or otherwise modify areas of the sample where no photoresist remains. Britain's Ministry of Defence (MoD) has given its latest intelligence update on the war in Ukraine. Many products require the use of a propane tank to emit CO2. A.R. However, the degree of redness and eye irritation (which are largely not caused by UVA) do not predict the long-term effects of UV, although they do mirror the direct damage of DNA by ultraviolet. [citation needed], Together, the T-54/55 tanks have been manufactured in the tens of thousands, and many still remain in reserve, or even in front-line use among lower-technology fighting forces. ATRAKTA Pods are nontoxic pods that release scents that attract insects. In ultraviolet astronomy, measurements are used to discern the chemical composition of the interstellar medium, and the temperature and composition of stars. [5] Insects, birds, and some mammals can see near-UV (NUV) (i.e., slightly shorter wavelengths than what humans can see). [25] The fraction of UVB which remains in UV radiation after passing through the atmosphere is heavily dependent on cloud cover and atmospheric conditions. The T-54/55 series is the most-produced tank in history. The risk is elevated at high altitudes and people living in high latitude areas where snow covers the ground right into early summer and sun positions even at zenith are low, are particularly at risk. Fluorescent black light lamps work similarly to other fluorescent lamps, but use a phosphor on the inner tube surface which emits UVA radiation instead of visible light. A Finnish T-55-based Marksman self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG) vehicle, which is referred to locally as the ItPsv 90. In the Lebanese Civil War, on 10 June 1982, eight Israeli M48A3s, two M60A1s and at least three M113 APCs were lost in an ambush by Syrian T-55 tanks and BMP-1 APCs during the Battle of Sultan Yacoub. UV LEDs are also used in digital print applications and inert UV curing environments. Several changes were made and a new turret was fitted. Learn how to do just about everything at eHow. There was a camera mounted on the hull for the driver and two cameras mounted on the turret, one for aiming and one for observation, and the picture from the cameras was relayed to two control screens. ", "A comparison of UVb compact lamps in enabling cutaneous vitamin D synthesis in growing bearded dragons", "Vitamin D and Ultraviolet Light a remarkable process", "UV radiation, latitude, and melanoma in US Hispanics and blacks", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ultraviolet&oldid=1119446347, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with failed verification from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2022, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Estimated production numbers for the series range from 96,500 to 100,000. It entered production in 1957. This can be seen from the absence of a direct UV signature mutation in 92% of all melanoma. The new dome-shaped turret with flat sides was inspired by the turret from the IS-3 heavy tank; it is similar to the later T-54 turret but with a distinctive overhang at the rear. [46] Survivability of opposing medium-armour vehicles deployed by UNITA and the South African Defence Force (SADF) against late model MBTs used in the Angolan Civil War remained a major concern throughout that conflict. Battle of Basantar or the Battle of Barapind (December 416, 1971) was one of the vital battles fought as part of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in the western sector of India.
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